Survey of flushing practice for long term central venous access devices (CVADs)
Reference list
Hadaway L (2000) Heparin locking for central venous catheters. The Journal of the Association for Vascular Access 11(4): 224-231
Mitchell MD, Anderson BJ, Williams K et al (2009) Heparin flushing and other interventions to maintain patency of central venous catheters: a systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 65(10): 2007-2021
National Patient Safety Agency (2008) Rapid Response Report NPSA/2008/RRR002. Risks with intravenous heparin flush solutions. NPSA, London
http://www.info.doh.gov.uk/sar2/cmopatie.nsf/a8f0088495ba476780256c83005a8fee/a7e90cf23bee9c5c802574350044ccd0
/$FILE/NPSA%202008%20RRR02%20Heparin%20Flush.pdf
National Patient Safety Agency (2008)Additional information Rapid ResponseReport NPSA/2008/RRR02. Risks with intravenous heparin flush solutions. NPSA, London
http://www.info.doh.gov.uk/sar2/cmopatie.nsf/a8f0088495ba476780256c83005a8fee/a7e90cf23bee9c5c802574350044ccd0/$FILE/NPSA%202008%20RRR02%20IV%20Flush%20Solutions%20Support%20Information.pdf
Independent review of the circumstances surrounding four serious adverse incidents that occurred in the Oncology Day Beds Unit, Bristol Royal Hospital for children on Wednesday, 3rd January 2007. Professor Brain Toft
http://www.ubht.nhs.uk/documents/oct_UBHT_final_report_heparin.doc
Pratt RJ, Pellowe CM, Wilson JA et al (2007) epic2: National evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England. Journal of Hospital Infection 65 (Suppl 1): S1-S64.
Richardson DK (2007) Vascular access nursing. Practice, standards of care, and strategies to prevent infection: A review of flushing solutions and injection caps. The Journal of the Association for Vascular Access 12(2): 74-84
Bravery K (2010) Flushing CVADs: heparin or sodium chloride 0.9%? British Journal of Nursing Intravenous supplement 19(10): S5
Cesaro et al (2009) Prospective, randomised trial of two different modalities of flushing central venous catheters in pediatric patients with cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 27(12): 2059-2065
Jacobs BR, Schilling S, Doellman D, Hutchinson N, Rickey M, Nelson S (2004) Central venous catheter occlusion: a prospective, controlled trial examining the impact of a positive-pressure valve device. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 28(2): 113-118
Schiling S, Doellman D, Hutchinson N, Jacobs BR (2006) The impact of needleless connector device design on central venous catheter occlusion in children: a prospective controlled trial. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 30(2): 85-90
Should heparin based flushing solutions be used in preference to saline to maintain the patency of indwelling intravascular catheters and cannulae?
http://www.nelm.nhs.uk/en/NeLM-Area/Evidence/Medicines-Q--A/Should-heparin-based-flushing-solutions-be-used-in-preference-to-saline-to-maintain-the-patency-of-indwelling-intravascular-catheters-and-cannulae/
Health technology inquiry service (2009) Heparin and saline for the maintenance of the patency of central venous lines: Clinical effectiveness and guidelines. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
http://www.cadth.ca/media/pdf/htis/J0233%20Heparin%20and%20Saline%20for%20Patency%20of%20Central%20Venous%20Lines%20final.pdf
Lee OK, Johnston L (2005) A systematic review for effective management of central venous catheters and catheter sites in acute care paediatric patients. Worldviews Evidence Based Nursing 2(1): 4-13.
Shah PS, Ng E, Sinha AK (2005) Heparin for prolonging peripheral intravenous catheter use in neonates. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews (4): CD002774.
Whitta RK, Hall KF, Bennetts TM, Welman L, Rawlins P (2006) Comparison of normal or heparinised saline flushing on function of arterial lines. Crit Care Resusc 8(3): 205-208
Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO). Care and maintenance to reduce vascular access complications. Guideline supplement. Toronto (ON): Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO); 2008
http://www.rnao.org/Storage/39/3381_Care_and_Maintenance_to_Reduce_Vascular_Access_Complications.
_with_2008_Supplement.pdf
